Butterfly Diversity and Host Plant Dynamics in a Semi-Urban Ecosystem: Insights from the Nesamony Memorial Christian College Campus, Marthandam, Tamil Nadu, India

This study investigates butterfly diversity and host plant interactions within a semi-urban ecosystem on the Nesamony Memorial Christian College (NMCC) campus in Marthandam, Tamil Nadu, India. A total of 1204 butterflies, comprising 81 species from 56 genera and five families, were recorded. Butterfly surveys were carried out using transect walks and visual encounter methods. Host plant utilisation was assessed through direct field observations and a review of relevant literature. The family Nymphalidae was the most diverse, with 26 species, followed by Lycaenidae, which accounted for 20 species. Fabaceae was identified as the primary host plant family, supporting 15 butterfly species. The findings highlight the significance of preserving and enhancing plant diversity in urban and peri-urban environments to sustain butterfly populations and promote ecosystem health. These results have important implications for urban planning and green space management, advocating for the incorporation of native and diverse plant species in urban landscapes to support biodiversity.